Hadoop2 集群环境安装

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集群规划环境说明

Windows下安装VirtualBox,用CentOS安装CentOS7 64bit虚拟机并克隆,共创建4台虚拟机,CentOS用户名root,密码123456。地址和机器名分别为:

IP角色名字
192.168.11.10namenodemaster.hadoop
192.168.11.11namenodeslaver1.hadoop
192.168.11.12namenodeslaver2.hadoop
192.168.11.13namenodeslaver3.hadoop

namenode节点不允许存储数据

下载所需软件,分别为: jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz hadoop-2.2.0.tar.gz (下载地址:http://apache.fayea.com/apache-mirror/hadoop/common/stable/hadoop-2.2.0.tar.gz)

在BIOS中设置Intel Virtual Technology修改为Enabled。

111

配置CentOS 7

  1. 配置CentOS 7的静态IP

在CentOS虚拟机的控制台下,修改/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33文件的配置。

$ vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 

修改的配置内容如下。

TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=ens33
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.11.10
GATEWAY=192.168.11.2
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
DNS1=192.168.11.2

修改/etc/resolv.conf文件,

$ vi /etc/resolv.conf

添加以下内容。

nameserver 192.168.11.2

修改完配置文件后,输入service network restart命令,重启网络。

  1. 关闭防火墙

1)关闭防火墙1 $ systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall $ systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动

2) 关闭防火墙2 $ vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

222

然后输入以下命令彻底关闭selinux。

$ setenforce 0

修改防火墙配置文件后,最好重启下电脑。

Hosts文件配置

配置 /etc/hosts 文件

[root@localhost ~]#  vi /etc/hosts

添加如下内容:

192.168.11.10 master.hadoop
192.168.11.11 slaver1.hadoop
192.168.11.12 slaver2.hadoop
192.168.11.13 slaver3.hadoop

永久修改主机名

CentOS上永久修改主机名。

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
 NETWORKING=yes
 NETWORKING_IPV6=no
 HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain
 GATEWAY=192.168.0.1

修改network的HOSTNAME项。点前面是主机名,点后面是域名。没有点就是主机名。修改后的内容如下:

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
HOSTNAME=master.hadoop
GATEWAY=192.168.0.1

或者 配置namenode节点

NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
HOSTNAME=master.hadoop
GATEWAY=192.168.11.2

配置datanode节点

NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
HOSTNAME=slaver1.hadoop
GATEWAY=192.168.11.2

重启计算机,使主机名生效。

禁用IPV6

1 修改/etc/sysconfig/network,

[root@master ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network

追加:

NETWORKING_IPV6=no

2 修改/etc/hosts,

[root@master ~]# vi /etc/hosts

把ipv6的本地主机域名解析的行注释掉:

#::1   localhost localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

3 让系统不加载ipv6相关模块,需要修改modprobe相关设定文件:

[root@master ~]# vi /etc/modprobe.d/anaconda.conf
install ipv6 /bin/true

4 重启系统,然后确认:

[root@master ~]#  lsmod | grep -i ipv6
[root@master ~]#  ifconfig | grep -i inet6

如果上述2个命令执行的结果没有任何显示,那么说明ipv6已经被完全禁止了。

建立hduser用户和hadoop组

1.创建用户组与用户名

[root@master ~]# groupadd hadoop
[root@master ~]# useradd -g hadoop hduser

2.设置密码

[root@master ~]# passwd hduser

这里设置密码为123456

3.为hduser用户增加sudo权限 如果运行sudo命令时有如下提示:

ssh is not in the sudoers file.This incident will be reported

解决方法如下:

1)、进入超级用户模式。也就是输入"su -",系统会让你输入超级用户密码,输入密码后就进入了超级用户模式。

2)、添加文件的写权限。也就是输入命令"chmod u+w /etc/sudoers"。

3)、编辑/etc/sudoers文件。也就是输入命令"vi /etc/sudoers",输入"i"进入编辑模式,找到这一行:"root ALL=(ALL) ALL"在起下面添加"xxx ALL=(ALL) ALL"(这里的xxx是你的用户名),然后保存(就是先摁一下Esc键,然后输入":wq")退出。 hduser ALL=(ALL) ALL

4)、撤销文件的写权限。也就是输入命令"chmod u-w /etc/sudoers"。

4.提升权限

[root@master ~]# su hduser
[hduser@master root]$ cd ~

[hduser@master ~]$ sudo -i
[sudo] password for hduser: 
[root@master ~]#

安装SSH Client

1.在虚拟机中安装SSH Client 安装openssh-clients

[root@master ~]# yum install -y openssh-clients

测试是否可以连接master.hadoop

[root@master ~]# ssh root@master.hadoop

2.在本地操作系统中安装SSHSecureShellClient-3.2.9.zip,测试是否可以连接192.168.11.10

SSH设置账户无密码登录

1,每台机器执行命令生成秘钥文件

3333

会在当前目录下生成 .ssh隐藏目录

55555

在.ssh目录下会发现 id_rsa, id_rsa.pub , 在hadoop每个节点都执行以上命令。

2,每个节点下的 .ssh目录下的 id_rsa.pub文件的内容都保存到 authorized_keys 文件下。

节点master

1

节点 slaver1

2

节点 slaver2

3

节点 slaver3

1

修改 authorized_keys 文件

[root@master~]# vi authorized_keys

2222

以hduser账号登录,把 .ssh/authorized_keys文件拷贝到节点slaver1,slaver2,slaver3下的.ssh目录下。

3, 给所有者(hduser)权限

chmod 600 authorized_keys

安装Java

使用hduser账户登录 下载地址:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html 安装方法参考:http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/install/linux_jdk.html#BJFGGEFG

使用CentOS7卸载自带jdk安装自己的JDK1.8 https://blog.csdn.net/hui_2016/article/details/69941850

rpm -qa | grep java

然后通过 rpm -e --nodeps 后面跟系统自带的jdk名这个命令来删除系统自带的jdk,

1.解压jdk压缩包

[hduser@master ~]$ tar zxvf jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz

保证/usr/local/java目录不存在时执行如下命令,如果存在请先删除java目录。

[hduser@master ~]$ sudo mv jdk1.8.0_45 /usr/local/java

设置java文件夹的权限:

[hduser@master ~]$ sudo chown -R hduser:hadoop /usr/local/java

2.设置环境变量

[hduser@master ~]$ sudo vi /etc/profile

添加环境变量

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin

使环境变量立即生效

[hduser@master ~]$ source /etc/profile

3.验证java是否安装成功,如果显示如下内容说明安装成功。

[hduser@master ~]$ java -version
java version "1.8.0_45"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_45-b14)
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 25.45-b02, mixed mode)

创建所需目录

[hduser@master ~]$  sudo mkdir -p /app/hadoop
[hduser@master ~]$  sudo chown -R hduser:hadoop /app/hadoop

[hduser@master ~]$  mkdir -p /app/hadoop/dfs/name
# ...and if you want to tighten up security, chmod from 755 to 750...
[hduser@master ~]$  chmod 750 /app/hadoop/dfs/name

[hduser@master ~]$  mkdir -p /app/hadoop/dfs/data
# ...and if you want to tighten up security, chmod from 755 to 750...
[hduser@master ~]$  chmod 750 /app/hadoop/dfs/data

[hduser@master ~]$  mkdir -p /app/hadoop/tmp
# ...and if you want to tighten up security, chmod from 755 to 750...
[hduser@master ~]$  chmod 750 /app/hadoop/tmp

[hduser@master ~]$  mkdir -p /app/hadoop/tmp/node
# ...and if you want to tighten up security, chmod from 755 to 750...
[hduser@master ~]$  chmod 750 /app/hadoop/tmp/node

[hduser@master ~]$  mkdir -p /app/hadoop/tmp/app-logs
# ...and if you want to tighten up security, chmod from 755 to 750...
[hduser@master ~]$  chmod 750 /app/hadoop/tmp/app-logs

安装Hadoop

下载地址:http://apache.claz.org/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.2.0/

1.解压hadoop安装包

[hduser@master ~]$ tar zxvf hadoop-2.2.0.tar.gz

保证/usr/local/hadoop目录不存在时执行如下命令,如果存在请先删除hadoop目录。

[hduser@master ~]$ sudo mv hadoop-2.2.0 /usr/local/hadoop
[hduser@master ~]$ sudo chown -R hduser:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop
[hduser@master ~]$  vi $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh

如下修改:

# The java implementation to use. Required.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java
[hduser@master ~]$  vi $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/yarn-env.sh

如下修改:

# some Java parameters
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java
[hduser@master ~]$  vi $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/mapred-env.sh

如下修改:

# some Java parameters
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java

修改 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->

<configuration>
  <property>
    <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
    <value>/app/hadoop/tmp</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
    <value>hdfs://master.hadoop:9000</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>io.file.buffer.size</name>
    <value>131072</value>
    <description></description>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>hadoop.proxyuser.hduser.hosts</name>
    <value>*</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>hadoop.proxyuser.hduser.groups</name>
    <value>*</value>
  </property>
</configuration>

参数hadoop.proxyuser.hduser.hosts,hadoop.proxyuser.hduser.groups依据执行hadoop命令的用户名不同而不同,如hduser用户的配置如上;如果是root则写成:hadoop.proxyuser.root.hosts,hadoop.proxyuser.root.groups

修改 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->

<configuration>
  <property>
     <name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name>
     <value>master.hadoop:50060</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
    <value>file:/app/hadoop/dfs/name</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
    <value>file:/app/hadoop/dfs/data</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.http.address</name>
    <value>master.hadoop:50070</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.webhdfs.enabled</name>
    <value>true</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.datanode.du.reserved</name>
    <value>1073741824</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>dfs.permissions</name>
    <value>false</value>
  </property>

  <property>
    <name>dfs.replication</name>
    <value>3</value>
    <description>Default block replication.
The actual number of replications can be specified when the file is created.
The default is used if replication is not specified in create time.
    </description>
  </property>
</configuration>

修改 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

[hduser@master ~]$ cp /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml.template /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

[hduser@master ~]$ vi $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

添加以下内容

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->

<configuration>
<property>
    <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
    <value>yarn</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>
    <value>master.hadoop:9020</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address</name>
    <value>master.hadoop:9888</value>
  </property>
</configuration>

修改 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->

<configuration>
<property>
  <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>
  <value>master.hadoop:9001</value>
</property>

<property>
  <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name>
  <value>master.hadoop:9030</value>
</property>

<property>
  <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name>
  <value>master.hadoop:9088</value>
</property>

<property>
  <name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name>
  <value>master.hadoop:9025</value>
</property>

<property>
  <name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address</name>
  <value>master.hadoop:9040</value>
</property>

<property>
  <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
  <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>

<property>
   <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce.shuffle.class</name>
   <value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value>
 </property>
</configuration>

修改 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/slaves

[hduser@master ~]$ vi $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/slaves

删除localhost 添加如下三行:

slaver1.hadoop
slaver2.hadoop
slaver3.hadoop

启动停止hadoop

1.启动hdfs

[hduser@master ~]$ start-dfs.sh

通过jps命令查看hdfs进程启动情况,在master节点下执行jps,应该包含如下进程:

[hduser@master ~]$ jps
21808 NameNode
22099 Jps
21999 SecondaryNameNode

在slaver节点下执行jps,应该包含如下进程:

[hduser@slaver1 ~]$ jps
1558 Jps
1469 DataNode

2.启动yarn

[hduser@master ~]$ start-yarn.sh

通过jps命令查看yarn进程启动情况,在master节点下执行jps,应该包含如下进程:

[hduser@master ~]$ jps
22229 Jps
21808 NameNode
22156 ResourceManager
21999 SecondaryNameNode

在slaver节点下执行jps,应该包含如下进程:

[hduser@slaver1 ~]$ jps
1734 Jps
1621 NodeManager
1469 DataNode

3.停止yarn

[hduser@master ~]$ stop-yarn.sh

4.停止hdfs

[hduser@master ~]$ stop-dfs.sh

5.启动hadoop

[hduser@master ~]$ start-all.sh

start-all.sh 脚本包含start-dfs.sh和start-yarn.sh 两个脚本,所以启动时可以直接执行此脚本。通过jps命令查看hadoop进程启动情况,在master节点下执行jps,应该包含如下进程:

[hduser@master ~]$ jps
3319 NameNode
3704 Jps
3494 SecondaryNameNode
3632 ResourceManager

在slaver节点下执行jps,应该包含如下进程:

[hduser@slaver1 ~]$ jps
2217 NodeManager
2324 Jps
2115 DataNode

6.停止hadoop

[hduser@master ~]$ stop-all.sh

启动停止hadoop命令只在master.hadoop中执行,不需要在slaver节点上执行。执行以上命令的用户必须是hduser,不能是root,root会出现权限错误。

启动停止WebHDFS

启动WebHDFS。

[hduser@master ~]$ httpfs.sh start

Setting HTTPFS_HOME:          /usr/local/hadoop
Setting HTTPFS_CONFIG:        /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop
Sourcing:                    /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/httpfs-env.sh
Setting HTTPFS_LOG:           /usr/local/hadoop/logs
Setting HTTPFS_TEMP:           /usr/local/hadoop/temp
Setting HTTPFS_HTTP_PORT:     14000
Setting HTTPFS_ADMIN_PORT:     14001
Setting HTTPFS_HTTP_HOSTNAME: master.hadoop
Setting CATALINA_BASE:       /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/httpfs/tomcat
Setting HTTPFS_CATALINA_HOME:       /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/httpfs/tomcat
Setting CATALINA_OUT:        /usr/local/hadoop/logs/httpfs-catalina.out
Setting CATALINA_PID:        /tmp/httpfs.pid

Using   CATALINA_OPTS:       
Adding to CATALINA_OPTS:     -Dhttpfs.home.dir=/usr/local/hadoop -Dhttpfs.config.dir=/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop -Dhttpfs.log.dir=/usr/local/hadoop/logs -Dhttpfs.temp.dir=/usr/local/hadoop/temp -Dhttpfs.admin.port=14001 -Dhttpfs.http.port=14000 -Dhttpfs.http.hostname=master.hadoop
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/httpfs/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/httpfs/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/httpfs/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/java
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/httpfs/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar
Using CATALINA_PID:    /tmp/httpfs.pid

在浏览器中打开如下URL。

http://192.168.0.100:14000/

可以查看到如下内容,表示启动成功。

HttpFs service, service base URL at /webhdfs/v1.

查看目录状态。

http://192.168.0.100:14000/webhdfs/v1/user?user.name=hduser&op=GETFILESTATUS

curl查询文件夹。

[hduser@master ~]$ curl -i -X GET "http://192.168.0.100:14000/webhdfs/v1/user?user.name=hduser&op=GETFILESTATUS"

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1
Set-Cookie: hadoop.auth="u=hduser&p=hduser&t=simple&e=1468111841566&s=WFsFggdWW8fURsl4OXhMjacLAKk="; Version=1; Path=/
Content-Type: application/json
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Sat, 09 Jul 2016 14:50:41 GMT

{"FileStatus":{"pathSuffix":"","type":"DIRECTORY","length":0,"owner":"hduser","group":"supergroup","permission":"755","accessTime":0,"modificationTime":1462320410882,"blockSize":0,"replication":0}}

停止WebHDFS。

[hduser@master ~]$ httpfs.sh stop

Setting HTTPFS_HOME:          /usr/local/hadoop
Setting HTTPFS_CONFIG:        /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop
Sourcing:                    /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/httpfs-env.sh
Setting HTTPFS_LOG:           /usr/local/hadoop/logs
Setting HTTPFS_TEMP:           /usr/local/hadoop/temp
Setting HTTPFS_HTTP_PORT:     14000
Setting HTTPFS_ADMIN_PORT:     14001
Setting HTTPFS_HTTP_HOSTNAME: master.hadoop
Setting CATALINA_BASE:       /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/httpfs/tomcat
Setting HTTPFS_CATALINA_HOME:       /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/httpfs/tomcat
Setting CATALINA_OUT:        /usr/local/hadoop/logs/httpfs-catalina.out
Setting CATALINA_PID:        /tmp/httpfs.pid

Using   CATALINA_OPTS:       
Adding to CATALINA_OPTS:     -Dhttpfs.home.dir=/usr/local/hadoop -Dhttpfs.config.dir=/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop -Dhttpfs.log.dir=/usr/local/hadoop/logs -Dhttpfs.temp.dir=/usr/local/hadoop/temp -Dhttpfs.admin.port=14001 -Dhttpfs.http.port=14000 -Dhttpfs.http.hostname=master.hadoop
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/httpfs/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/httpfs/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/httpfs/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/java
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/httpfs/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar
Using CATALINA_PID:    /tmp/httpfs.pid

访问地址

编辑主机C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts文件,增加如下内容:

192.168.11.10     master.hadoop
192.168.11.11     slaver1.hadoop
192.168.11.12     slaver2.hadoop
192.168.11.13     slaver3.hadoop

查看Hadoop资源管理器

http://master.hadoop:50070/
http://master.hadoop:50060/

http://master.hadoop:9088/cluster

测试HDFS

1.首先准备两个本地文档

[hduser@master ~]$ vi dfstest1.txt
[hduser@master ~]$ vi dfstest2.txt

在其中写入一些单词,以空格分开

2.在hdfs中新建目录

[hduser@master ~]$ hdfs dfs -mkdir /myfile

3.查看文件的上传是否成功

[hduser@master ~]$ hdfs dfs -ls /
Found 1 items
drwxr-xr-x   - hduser supergroup          0 2014-11-19 08:53 /myfile

4.上传本地文件到hdfs中指定的目录;

[hduser@master ~]$ hdfs dfs -put /home/hduser/dfstest*.txt /myfile
[hduser@master ~]$ hdfs dfs -ls /myfile
Found 2 items
-rw-r--r--   3 hduser supergroup        135 2014-11-19 08:56 /myfile/dfstest1.txt
-rw-r--r--   3 hduser supergroup        280 2014-11-19 08:56 /myfile/dfstest2.txt

测试经典示例wordcount

1.运行wordcount

[hduser@master ~]$ hdfs dfs -mkdir /myfile
[hduser@master ~]$ hdfs dfs -put /home/hduser/word.txt /myfile/word.txt
[hduser@master ~]$ hadoop jar  /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.2.0.jar  wordcount /myfile /myfileout

2.查看运行结果

[hduser@master ~]$ hdfs dfs -ls /myfileout/
Found 2 items
-rw-r--r--   3 hduser supergroup  0 2014-11-19 09:01 /myfileout/_SUCCESS
-rw-r--r--   3 hduser supergroup  399 2014-11-19 09:01 /myfileout/part-r-00000

查看MapReduce输出结果:

[hduser@master ~]$ hdfs dfs -cat /myfileout/part-r-00000
Hello   1
How     1
This    1
a       1
are     2
is      1
ok      1
test    1
word,   1
you     2

至此,Hadoop2.2.0分布式集群部署完成。

查看hadoop日志

/usr/local/hadoop/logs

关于作者

王硕,十年软件开发经验,业余产品经理,精通Java/Python/Go等,喜欢研究技术,著有《PyQt快速开发与实战》《Python 3.* 全栈开发》,多个业余开源项目托管在GitHub上,欢迎微博交流:


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