在 Docker 镜像仓库查找 MySQL 镜像

DockerHub镜像仓库-mysql镜像 是 https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql/tags

拉取MySQL镜像

加入指定架构的参数进行拉取

docker pull --platform linux/amd64 mysql:8.0.39-debian

查看镜像

aaa@MacBook-Air air-master % docker images 
REPOSITORY   TAG             IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
redis        latest          6725a7dc7a44   2 months ago   196MB
mysql        8.0.39-debian   f5217f5fd0ec   2 months ago   814MB

可以看到MySQL镜像的TAG是8.0.39-debian

启动镜像并查看MySQL具体信息

# 启动镜像并进入容器
docker run -it mysql:8.0.39-debian /bin/bash
# 查看MySQL版本
mysql --version
# 查找 Docker 内，MySQL 配置文件 my.cnf 的位置
mysql --help | grep my.cnf

查看my.cnf的内容

root@612a1d134a52:/# mysql --help | grep my.cnf
                      order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT,
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf 
root@612a1d134a52:/# cat /etc/mysql/my.cnf

[mysqld]
pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
secure-file-priv= NULL

# Custom config should go here
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

运行镜像并配置持久化

1, 宿主机创建数据存储目录（可以是其他位置，/Users/tiger笔者Mac上的用户目录，等价于~目录，读者自行调整目录）

mkdir /Users/tiger/docker/mysql
mkdir /Users/tiger/docker/mysql/conf
mkdir /Users/tiger/docker/mysql/data
mkdir /Users/tiger/docker/mysql/logs
mkdir /Users/tiger/docker/mysql/mysql-files

2, 新建my.cnf配置文件并放到/Users/tiger/docker/mysql/conf目录下 my.cnf配置如下：

[client]
 
default_character_set=utf8
 
[mysql]
 
default_character_set=utf8
 
[mysqld]
 
character_set_server=utf8

运行容器

docker run --restart=always -p 3306:3306 --name mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="123456" \
-v /Users/tiger/docker/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
-v /Users/tiger/docker/mysql/logs:/var/log/mysql \
-v /Users/tiger/docker/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \
-v /Users/tiger/docker/mysql/mysql-files:/var/lib/mysql-files \
-d mysql:8.0.39-debian

参数说明：

docker run：运行Docker镜像
–restart=always：当docker重启时，该容器也会重新启动
-p：映射端口号，宿主机端口映射到容器内部端口（即访问宿主机的3306端口即可访问到容器的3306端口）
–name mysql：设置容器名称为mysql
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="123456"：指定环境变量（初始化 root 用户的密码为 123456）
-v /Users/tiger/docker/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d：将宿主机的my.cnf文件映射到Docker容器中
-v /Users/tiger/docker/mysql/logs:/var/log/mysql：将容器的/var/log/mysql目录挂载到宿主机的/Users/tiger/docker/mysql/logs目录
-v /Users/tiger/docker/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql：同上
-v /Users/tiger/docker/mysql/mysql-files:/var/lib/mysql-files：同上
-d mysql:8.0.39-debian：选择运行的Docker镜像并指定Tag（不指定的话默认是latest）

测试

# 进入名为mysql的容器
docker exec -ti mysql bash
# 命令行连接MySQL
mysql -uroot -p123456
# 查看字符集
show variables like 'char%';

查看字符集

mysql> show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                          |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8mb3                        |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb3                        |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb3                        |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                         |
| character_set_results    | utf8mb3                        |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb3                        |
| character_set_system     | utf8mb3                        |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql-8.0/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.05 sec)

连接 MYSQL

如果报错 “Public Key Retrieval is not allowed”，修改JDBC Driver的URL为

String database = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true&useSSL=false";